Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Human
is a social creature that needs to be interacted with others. Of course we need
something to mediate our mind then we can understand each other. There are no
other perfect tools that can be used for that except language. Language can
represent the characteristic of its speaker such as cultural side, attitude,
and social status. Everyone has one or more language, so that distinguishes him
from others. Observed from group or community, each region has a different language.
Notwithstanding, the region which is closed to each other still has an
identical form of vocabulary and grammatical.
Many
students in UNG who came from different region have almost the same dialect
with Gorontalo. It causes many errors in usage. One of them is the error usage
in particle. Besides, Particles in Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo are very complicated
to be explained. Particles are always used in everyday conversation. However,
despite they are often used, most of the speakers who utilize particles do not
know what exactly kinds of particles are and when the particles should be used
for.
From
those cases above, the writer get any interesting idea to observe what is
particle in Bahasa Melayu Gorantalo.
1.2
Research Problem
1. What
are types of particle in Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo?
2. What
are the functions of particle in Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo?
1.3 Research Objective
1. To
describe the types of particle in Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo.
2. To
explain the function of particles in Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo.
Chapter II
THEORETICAL BASED
2.1 The Definition of
Particles
The
term particle is an English world which means a minor part of speech,
especially a short undivided one. In linguistics, particle is a word which
generally cannot be derived and inflected, has grammatical meaning and does not
have lexical meaning, including article, preposition, conjunction, and
interjection (KBBI, 1997: 732). Another definition explained that particle is
every word which has no meaning, except when it occurs with other words
(Nikmah, F, tt: 19). Besides, particle is a word which has meaning when only
successively occurs with other words (Ghalayani, M, 1973: 9). So that, both of the definition are
considered as the same and they can be interchanged.
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
2.1.
Research Method
This
research used qualitative method In order to uncover and find the accurate
explanation about the cases. Bogdan
dan Taylor (Moleong, 2007:3)suggest that
qualitative methodology is a research procedure which result the descriptive
data such as written words and also the utterance of people and their attitude
that is observed.
2.2. Data and Source of Data
In this paper, data is collected
from some sources. The major data come from students in UNG especially in
English Department student followed by friends in Dormitory, and also in other
faculties. There are many kinds of people that can be the sources of the data,
however, the writer choose them because a lot of particles were uttered by
them. Besides, the basic consideration of time, it cannot be argued that the
writer has just less than four weeks to research. It should be impossible for
the writer to come to every corner of Gorontalo in order to collect the data.
The best choice is in English Department where the writer takes place of
studying.
2.3. Technique of collecting data
The
writer took the data by using some method. Firstly, the writer took notes when
having conversation with friend in faculty and dormitory. In this case, this
just for a friend of the writer who were naturally Gorontalo. Secondly, the
writer invited some of friends to talk by use particles. So that they would
came with any particles in their sentence. Thirdly, the writer sent some
messages to everyone by using particles. This way would invite them to use
particles. The last method is asked directly to the speaker. How many kinds of
particles they know. This method of collecting data is represented from the
samples.
Unit III
DATA ANALYSIS
1. Uti
The particle “uti” has various in
its usage. This particle does not have a specific meaning in Bahasa Melayu
Gorontalo. The meaning of this particle depends on the context of the sentence
and also the stress in syllable. There are some different situations in this
particle usage:
1.1.
Command sentence
a. Bili
kamari minuman dingin uti!
(to
command by begging).
The
word “uti” refers
to coequal friend,
these
particles
meant
to rule
by way of
a smooth
and rather
pitiful.
In this context, the
use of
“uti”
was limited to
peer
through
a friend
who
is younger than
speaker
and
only
used if
the interlocutor is
already
familiar
with
us.
This
applies
to men
and
women.
The
stress
is in
the
first
Syllable
and
the vowels such letter u and
i
rather
be extended
so that it becomes
like
/uutii/.
1.2.
Begging sentence
a. Mama kirim akan pulsa uti. (to ask by begging)
a. Mama kirim akan pulsa uti. (to ask by begging)
In this sentence, the
word “uwty” has the same
function as previous example, it is
for
begging,
but
only used
by
a child
to his mother
or
father,
a
family
relative
or
whoever that
is still
close
and
familiar with him.
This means
the
speaker (child)
spoiled
for
older people
who
are already familiar
with
him.
The emphasis is
the same as
in
1.1.
part
a.
1.3.
Naming
a. Bili Pigi Kamari garam ti mama uti!
a. Bili Pigi Kamari garam ti mama uti!
In
this
sentence, the word “uti”
refers
to
son.
In
Gorontalo,
boys
are called
by the name of
“uti”,
when
the daughter is
called
“nou”.
It
is
different
from previous
“uti”
as
a command
sentence,
there
is
no
stress
in
“uti”
as
a
son.
1.3.
Genitals
a.
Ja?o
uti.
Besides,
to name the
son,
there is
a
function
of
the
“uti”
word
as a noun
(the
name
of
male
genitals)
but
different
in
how
to
Pronounce
it.
To
pronounce
the
world
as
the
man
genital,
it
will
be
different
as
“uti”
before,
there will
be
a
phoneme "w"
in
pronunciation
such /uwti/.
1.4.
Complaints
sentence
a. So
saki kapala kita uti. (sigh
sentence)
In the sentence above, the speaker expressed his complaint by used “uti particles”. This signifies that the speaker wants to make the other person to be empathetic to the pain which is suffered. If the particle is removed, this means that the speaker simply stated his suffering because of headaches, without expecting empathy from the listener.
In the sentence above, the speaker expressed his complaint by used “uti particles”. This signifies that the speaker wants to make the other person to be empathetic to the pain which is suffered. If the particle is removed, this means that the speaker simply stated his suffering because of headaches, without expecting empathy from the listener.
2. Eyi
For
this
particle,
there are two
ways
in its use.
Each has
a very different
meaning.
It
depends on the
context of the sentence.
2.1
Regret
a. Gara-gara barmain PS, so abis lo ma’o kita p doi.
a. Gara-gara barmain PS, so abis lo ma’o kita p doi.
In
this
sentence,
the word "eyi” functioned
as an
attachment in
sentence which
expresses a remorse.
When
word
“eyi” is
omitted,
then
the sentence
would only
be a
statement that the speaker has no money
anymore because of playing PS.
2.2.
Praise
a. Ehem. So ada No'u dikalas eyi.
a. Ehem. So ada No'u dikalas eyi.
In
this
sentence,
the word
“eyi
indicates”
that
the
speaker
expressed
his admiration for
his interlocutor.
This
is a kind of
praise.
The word “eyi”
suggests
as if
the
speaker
was a little surprised,
or seemed rather do not
believe
that there has been
a
No'u in
class. (Nou is Miss of Gorontalo just
like Miss Indonesia).
2.3.
Naming
a. Ba masa kasana dulu eyi.
a. Ba masa kasana dulu eyi.
In the society of Gorontalo,
sometimes
a wife is called her husband by the name
of “eyi”. The word
“eyi” in
this sentence serves
as a close
call or
an affectionate name.
The word “eyi”
is used only
by married couples.
Although
“eyi”
means the name for
darling,
but “eyi”
is not used
to young
people who are dating.
It
is just
for
those
who
had
married.
3. Poly
Poly
does not have
a specific meaning in
its use,
the meaning
of
this
word
will
depend
on the
context of the
sentence.
The word” poly” literally
means
again.
There are several ways of using this particle:
3.1.
Recurrence
a. So dimana poly ngana ini?
a. So dimana poly ngana ini?
The word
"poly"
looks a little
difficult to explain in
its use
rather than
use it
directly
in the sentence.
In the
sentence above,
the
speaker
asked his
interlocutor
to talk
about his existence.
However, the
implication is the speaker
has known before,
that
his interlocutor
is a
person
who travels a lot.
We can be sure
that
before
he
had
traveled
to another place
and
when
the
speaker
asked
as if
he
had predicted that
his interlocutor
has
been in
another
place.
One important point in this case is the
use of the
word "poly"
means reveal the
repeatability,
the word
"poly"
always comes after the question word.
There are some examples how to use this particle;
b.
Somo
pigi
dimana
poli
ngana?
Previously, the interlocutor had travelled to many places, and this time for the umpteenth.
c. So apa poli yang ngana mo tanya?
Previously, the speaker has been asked by the interlocutor, and this time for the umpteenth.
d. So sapa poli yang ngana jaga suka ini?
Previous, the interlocutor has felt in love to many girls, and this for the umpteenth time.
Previously, the interlocutor had travelled to many places, and this time for the umpteenth.
c. So apa poli yang ngana mo tanya?
Previously, the speaker has been asked by the interlocutor, and this time for the umpteenth.
d. So sapa poli yang ngana jaga suka ini?
Previous, the interlocutor has felt in love to many girls, and this for the umpteenth time.
3.2.
Warning.
The
word "poly"
is also used
to
warn
another person
as in the example
sentence:
a.
Kita poli tidak
barmain e!
This sentence
means
that
the
speaker
does not feel like
joking.
Maybe
another
time
he
could
take a joke,
but this time he
really did not
want it.
There
are two
possibilities
of the
speakers
said
this sentence.
First because he
is angry,
second he is
seriously.
4.
Olo
Literally
the word
"Olo"
means also.
The word "Olo"
is often
used
only
in
a
state
which is
a signifier
of participation.
4.1.
Participation
a. Ngana olo mo datang?
a. Ngana olo mo datang?
In
the sentence
above, the
speaker
asked for
confirmation of
the presence of
the
interlocutor
(in party,
etc.).
But
before
he
had
asked the
others and
has
received
confirmation
that
his friend
would
come
so
this is merely a
repetition of
the phrase.
The word
"olo"
more inclined
to be
use
that lead
to
participation
(presence
or
arrival).
4.2.
Enclosing
a. Bili kamari pisang goreng, tahu isi dengan bakwan olo.
a. Bili kamari pisang goreng, tahu isi dengan bakwan olo.
The
essence of
the sentence
above
is
to
add
something that is
not almost mentioned.
When all of the things
have been mentioned
and
there's still one
left,
so the
word
"Olo"
is required to accompany the
words
of the remaining
proficiency level.
The object which is
usually
accompanied
by the
word
"olo"
is mentioned suddenly
without any
previous plan.
That is
the function of
the word
"olo".
5. Wa
The word
"wa"
is one
of the
word which is
complicated
to
be
explained.
The word” wa”
has no meaning
at all.
However,
when
added to the
sentence,
it will
change the purpose
of
the sentence.
5.1.
Requesting sentence.
a. Jangan
marah wa?
Again,
the
word that has a function to plead
has been
found to
be
pleaded
bahasa melayu gorontalo.
The sentence
above
means
that
the
speakers
have done
something and it
can
makes
his interlocutor to be
angry.
So,
he apologized.
The word
“wa”
means the
request
by way of
pleading
(begging).
Another case, when
the
word “wa”
is omitted,
then
the sentence
would
be the
advice
or
command.
5.2.
Praise
a. Baraba wa?
a. Baraba wa?
This is the excess
of "wa".
It can
change the position
or
purpose
of
the
sentence
followed.
Baraba is
a pompous
word
used
to
mock someone.
But
when the word
"wa"
appears then the
meaning
of
the sentence is
turned into
praise.
5.3.
Quipped
a. Ooh,
dari tadi Cuma jaga ba lia yang bagitu
ngana wa.
Sentence
above
appears
when the
speaker
found
something
that was hidden
by intelocutory.
This sentence intends
to
mock
or
embarrass
the speaker.
The word
"wa"
serves to
confirm
the interlocutor
but the
speaker
is
able to
predict
that the
interlocutor
will
parry
because of
embarrassment.
6.
Au
6.1. Stating the relationship
a. Au kiapa ngana tidak datang?
6.1. Stating the relationship
a. Au kiapa ngana tidak datang?
In
the sentence above,
the word
"au"
serves
to indicate
repetition.
Previously,
there have been
question submitted
that still
have a relationship to that question.
6.2. To
repent
a. Padahal kita so bekeng gaga-gaga ini tugas au.
a. Padahal kita so bekeng gaga-gaga ini tugas au.
The word
"au"
in the sentence
above just
to
accompany
sentences which
express regret.
Usually
after the word
"au",
there is still a
continuation
of the
sentence.
If there is still
next
sentence,
the word "au"
change function
as a sentence connector.
7. Ati (Olo)
7.1. to show Sympathy
a. Ada di ruma saki dia ati.
The word
"ati"
in the sentence
above
serves to
show that
the
speaker
feels
pity
or
sympathy for the
person being
discussed.
8. To
8.1. Ask for confirmation
a. So makan ngana to?
The word
"to"
is only used to
ask for
confirmation.
Usually the
speakers
had predicted
earlier
that the answer
is yes.
It
is called a
question
tag in English.
9.
E
9.1. Ask for confirmation
a. Kalo jargon ta maso di prokem e?
9.1. Ask for confirmation
a. Kalo jargon ta maso di prokem e?
Almost
the same as the
previous word (to),
the word
"e"
is used
to
ask
in order
to
confirm.
It is basically
predicted
that
speakers
have
the answer.
But it is not
as strong as
the word
“to”.
There was any doubt
of the
speakers.
10. Eh
10.1. To invite attention
a. Eh, ngana p tugas so sudah?
10.1. To invite attention
a. Eh, ngana p tugas so sudah?
When
the speaker
wants
to invite
the attention
of
the other persons
then
he
would
use the word
"eh".
The word
"eh"
serves to
divert
attention
and
is usually
used
also
as a pronoun.
11. Wei
11.1. Naming
a. Wei, ngana orang Limboto to?
11.1. Naming
a. Wei, ngana orang Limboto to?
This sentence
appears
when the
speaker
knows
the other person,
but does not
know
his name,
so that
the word
"wei"
is used in order to replace
its name.
11.2.
To
call someone
a. Wei, ti pak ada Tanya ngana kemarin!
a. Wei, ti pak ada Tanya ngana kemarin!
The word
"wei"
in the sentence
above
serves as a
pronoun
which
replaces the
name of
interlocutor.
This means that the
speaker
is being
serious.
The word
“wei”
is also
used
to
call attention
of
interlocutor
b. Wei!
So tida bole mo lewat situ,
nanti ba putar.
In this sentence the word "so" serves to accompany a reprimand sentence.
In this sentence the word "so" serves to accompany a reprimand sentence.
12.
Am
12.1. When discovered the fact
a. Tidak ada tugas am.
12.1. When discovered the fact
a. Tidak ada tugas am.
The
word "am"
in the sentence
above
occurs if the
speaker
states
the fact
and
statement
about
the validity
of
that
statement
has
proven
itself,
in other words the
speakers
have been
convinced by
what he said.
The word “am”
comes from
Gorontalo
uwamu which
means you’ve told me.
Unit
IV
CLOSING
IV. 1. Conclusion
By
the results of research in this paper, it can be concluded that there are many
language in the world. Especially, in every region has its variety of language.
Although language is different to others, there is a little bit similarity of
language that close to another region such as in vocabulary and grammatical.
One
of part of speech in Bahasa Melayu Gorontalo is particle. Particle in Bahasa
Melayu Gorontalo is a word which has no specific meaning, however, it can changes
the purpose if sentences which is attached. It has various meaning according to
the context of the sentence. It depends on when the particle is used, who does
the speaker talk to, and what does the speaker mean. The special thing that can
be get from this paper is language is the most complicated thing which can only
be explained by itself and no others can do it.
