LANGUAGE
In
PSYCHOLOGY
By:
Ramlan Pakaya
321 410
016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
LETTER AND CULTURE FACULTY
GORONTALO STATE UNIVERSITY
PREFACE
All of the praises should be uttered to the
merciful Allah swt. because without the grace of Allah it would be impossible
for the writer to finish this paper. Afterwards, the great regards should be
sent to our holy prophet, Muhammad saw. (Who brought the world from the
darkness to the lightness) to his family, friends, Islamic scholar, and
hopefully the spill of Allah for them will come to us as the followers who
still in the guideline.
Big appreciation should be appropriated for the
lecture of Psycholinguistics, who has a very important participation in this
paper’s accomplishment. It could not be ignored that in order to accomplish
this paper, many obstacles had been faced. However, by the strong willingness
and also the endorsement from all friends in class D, finally this paper can be
completed.
Finally, it is admitted that this paper still
faraway of the word perfect. So that the critique and also suggestion for the
completeness of this paper will be very appreciated in order to make the more
perfect result in the future.
Gorontalo,
September 2012
Writer
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Human needs to be communicated with other
people in order to make a good relationship in the society; this is as the
implementation of human creature. To be communicated, of course a tool of
communication is needed. A very perfect tool that can be used is language. By
using language, all of the expression from the idea can be represented well.
In communication, of course there will be a
law of the way to express the idea. In order for expressing the idea, a human
need language. It can also be observed that language can represent the way of
thought of every human who produced the language itself. A science which study
about language and attitude will be needed because there is a deep relationship
between thought pattern and language. That is the way Psycholinguistics is
important one to be learned.
UNIT II
DISCUSSION
2. Comprehensions
2.1 The comprehension
of Psychology
The word Psychology
from the etymology was derived from Ancient Greek Psyche and logos. The
word psyche means “soul, spirit and
life force” then we logos that means
“knowledge”. So by those comprehensions above, it can be concluded that psychology
from the literal meaning is “the science of soul”, or the science that study
about soul. Nowadays, this comprehension cannot be accepted because there is no
study of soul in psychology, the latest understanding of psychology was the
study of human soul by the attitude of human itself.
2.2
The comprehension of Linguistics
Generally, Linguistics means the
science of language or the science that took language as the object of study.
In English, linguist also means “the people that use some languages” beside
means “the experts of language”. A linguist learn about language because some
reasons, and the main reason is not only to mastery the language, they also
learn the language to know deeply the structure of the language and another
aspects that included in the language.
2.3
The comprehension of Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics
is the study about two different branch of science and each would only be stand
alone in its area with different procedure and methods in study. However, both
of them has the same way in order to take language as the object of study.
Different in material objects, Psychology studies about the language attitude
or language process, and linguistics studies about the structure of the
language.
Psycholinguistics tries to explain
the process of psychology that happened if a person utters the sentences he
heard in communication and how the ability of language acquired by human
(Slobin, 1974; Meller, 1964; Slama Cahazu, 1973)
3.
Language in Psychology
In
the history of Psychology Development study there are some experts of
Psychology that paid more attention in Linguistics, some of them are; John
Dewey, Karl Buchler, Wundt, Watson and Weiss.
3.1
Karl Buchler
A
Psychologist from Germany explains in his book Sprach Theorie (1934) he conveyed that human language has three
functions which is called KUNGABE (then
called Ausdruck), APPELL (called
Auslosung before) and DARSTELLUNG. Kungabe
means a communicative act that realized in a verbal. Appell is a request to
others, and Darstellung is a main problem that is communicated. The three
function can be explained according to Organon
Modell Der Sprache (Kridalaksana, 1988: Sudaryanto, 1990). The basic of
view explained that there are three kinds of relationship between A (the sender
or speaker), B (the receiver or audience), X (something that is sent in a
special sound). in this case, Kungabe related to A as an expression, in this
case language regarded as a symptom or
indication. Appell related to B in this case language regarded as a signal or
sign. And Darstellung related to X in this case regarded as something that is
sent or something to be talking. In this case language is regarded as a symbol
or emblem. In the use of language, one of the three functions might be
dominantly appear: however, Darstellung is a very common function.
3.2
Weiss
Weiss, a Behaviorism Psychologist
from America admitted that there is a mental aspect in language. Yet, because
language has no physical appearance, it means that language is very difficult
to be studied or showed. So that, Weiss preferred to convey that language is
form of attitude if someone adapted himself with the social environment.
UNIT III
CONCLUSION
Language
is studied in a branch of science that is called Linguistics. Attitude and
thought pattern is studied in a branch of science that is called Psychology.
Those are two different branch of science which has different focus in study;
however, when the two branches of this science come with a same object of
study, they will be a new branch that is called Psycholinguistics.
Psycholinguistics is the study about human act, thought and attitude in the
relationship of producing the language itself.
UNIT IV
BIBLIOGRAPGHY
Dardjowidjodjo, S
(2005) Psikolingistik: Pengantar
Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia
Chaer, A (2003) Psikolingistik Kajian Teoretik. Jakarta:
PT Rineka Cipta
