Paper
The Borrowing of English to IndonesianWords
By:
RamlanPakaya
321
410 016
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
LETTER AND CULTURE FACULTY
GORONTALO STATE UNIVERSITY
PREFACE
All of the praises should be uttered to
the merciful Allah swt. because without the grace of Allah it would be
impossible for the writer to finish this paper. Afterwards, the great regards
should be sent to our holy prophet, Muhammad saw. to his family, friends,
Islamic scholar, and hopefully the spill of Allah for them will come to us as
the followers who still in the guideline.
Big appreciation should be appropriated
for the lecture of English Morphology, Mr. Rahman T. Dako, SS, M.Pd who has a
very important participation in this paper’s accomplishment. It could not be
ignored that in order to accomplish this paper, many obstacles had been faced.
However, by the strong willingness and also the endorsement from all friends in
class D, finally this paper can be completed.
Finally, it is admitted that this paper
still faraway of the word perfect. So that the critique and also suggestion for
the completeness of this paper will be very appreciated in order to make the
more perfect result in the future.
Gorontalo,
June 2012
Writer
TABLE
CONTENT
Preface……………………………………………………… 1
Table
content………………………………………………. 2
UNIT
I Introduction
1.1 Background……………………………………………………….. 3
1.2 Research question ……………………………………………….. 4
1.3 Aims of study ……………………………………………….. 4
1.4 Research methodology ……………………………………….. 4
UNIT II THEORETICAL BASED
2.1 The
definition of borrowing ……………………………….. 5
2.2 Kinds
of borrowing........................................................... … 5
UNIT III DATA ANALYSIS
3.1 NOUN ……………………………………………………………. 7
3.2 ADJECTIVE……………………………………………………… 10
UNIT IV CONCLUSION REMARKS
4.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………… 14
BIBILIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………….. 15
BAB
I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Back ground
Indonesia
is a very large country which has various culture, arts, ethnic and especially
language. Indonesian language took many words from other foreign languages. It
could be seen from some foreign words that still has the same form with
Indonesian words. This because of Indonesian has a friendly people to the
foreign people. Indonesian also always opened to another, so that caused many
languages spoken in Indonesian.
One
of the ways to enrich Indonesian vocabularies is lexical borrowing. The way of
taking another foreign words to Indonesian by changing some of the letter, or
pronounce as Indonesian rule, and the meaning is still same with the original
word. The process of this borrowing is very simple. As long as the word is
acceptable and understandable by Indonesian people, there would no problem to
accept another foreign language in Indonesian.
1.2
Research question
1.
What borrowing?
2.
What are kinds of borrowing?
3.
What is adaptation?
1.3
Aims of study
1.
To identify lexical
borrowing.
2.
To identify the types of
lexical borrowing.
3.
To explain the formation of
adaptation.
1.4 Research methodology
This research used
qualitative method In order to uncover and find the accurate explanation about
the cases. Bogdan dan
Taylor (Moleong, 2007:3)suggest that
qualitative methodology is a research procedure which result the descriptive
data such as written words and also the utterance of people and their attitude
that is observed.
UNIT II
THEORETICAL BASED
2.1
The definition of borrowing
Uriel Weinreich defines borrowing as a linguistic mechanism “where one
vocabulary can interfere with another” (Weinreich 47). Weinreich’s
definition understands borrowing as something inherently aggressive,
emphasizing the interference often characteristic of colonial borrowing.
This type of interference is what often goes on in Anglo-French and -Latin
borrowings, but not simply at the level of vocabulary (Percy: 2007).
Einar Haugen defines borrowing as “the attempted reproduction in one
language of patterns previously found in another” (Haugen 81). Haugen’s
definition emphasizes a less antagonistic side of borrowing, crediting the
agency of the borrowing language (though one must concede that the borrowing
language would have to make some effort at reproduction even in the case of an
“interfering” borrowing). It also expands the realm of borrowing beyond
vocabulary to include “patterns” (Percy: 2007).
Moreover, according to Depdikbud in Suwarto (2007) based to
the class of integration, kinds of borrowing in indonesian divided into two
large parts. Firstly, borrowing that is not changed all of the letter, as:
reshuffle, shuttle cock in (in indonesian words). These kinds of words are
still used in indonesian contextual conversation, however the pronounciation
followed the original word. Secondly, borrowing that the way of pronounciation
and written had been accustomed in indonesian rule.
By the definitions above, it can be concluded that borrowing is the way of
adaptating the foreign words to be the new world in the target language. As the
new word formation, so that the meaning will not be changed, and still has the
same meaning with the original words.
2.2 Kinds of borrowing
There are some kinds of borrowing in indonesian language. According to Arif
Hakim (2010) borrowing words has come to indonesian in four ways:
a.
Adoption
occured when the word was taken completely without changing the form of the
word.
Example:
Mall, Plaza, Supermarket
b.
Adaptation
ocuured when the word that was taken will be accustomed to indonesian rule and
the meaning was still same with the original word.
Example:
Pluralization → pluralisasi
Acceptability → akseptabilitas
c.
Translation
occured when the concept of the word was taken and finding the equivalent word
in indonesian.
Example:
Overlap → tumpang tindih
Try out → uji
coba
d.
Creation appearance almost the same with
translation. The word that was taken will be same with the concept of
Indonesian. Creation does not require the form physically like in translation.
In creation, sometimes the original word will be two or three words and
Indonesian word might be one word.
Example:
Effective → berhasil guna
Spare parts →
suku cadang
This essay will only focus on the
way of adaptation in lexical borrowing from English to Indonesian.
UNIT IV
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 NOUN
Kinds
of these adaptations are that usually changed only the last syllable of the
words. They become Indonesian words that are only changed in the last syllable
and still pronounced as the same as in English. Sometimes, the way of written
in Indonesian was adapted by the way of pronouncing the original word.
4.1.1 The words that ending in –TION, the two last letters become –SI, and the way of written in
Indonesian still have the same form on
how to read the original words in English.
After being adapted in Indonesian, these words can be classified in the class
of word Noun.
Example:
Abortion
– Aborsi
The
word abortion is a noun that ended in -TION.
After being adapted to Indonesian, it becomes a noun that changed the last-four
syllable from –TION to be -SI. The meaning of both words is still
similarly.
There
are some more examples that can be found in the table bellow:
|
Accommodation
|
Akomodasi
|
|
Execution
|
Eksekusi
|
|
Exploration
|
Explorasi
|
|
Education
|
Edukasi
|
|
Competition
|
Kompetisi
|
|
Ratification
|
Ratifikasi
|
|
Qualification
|
Kualifikasi
|
|
Modification
|
Modifikasi
|
|
Clarification
|
Klarifikasi
|
|
Application
|
Aplikasi
|
4.1.2 The words that ending in –SION become –SI, and the way of written in Indonesian still have the same form on how to read the
original words in English. After
being adapted in Indonesian, these words can be classified in the class of word
Noun.
Example:
Expansion
– Expansi
The
word Execution is a noun that ended in -SION.
After adapted to Indonesian, it becomes a noun that changed the last-four
syllable from –SION to be -SI. The meaning of both words is still
similarly.
There
are some more examples that can be found in the table bellow:
|
Erosion
|
Erosi
|
|
Invasion
|
Invasi
|
|
Conversion
|
Konversi
|
|
Dimension
|
Dimensi
|
|
Expansion
|
Expansi
|
|
Emulsion
|
Emulsi
|
|
Abrasion
|
Abrasi
|
|
Depression
|
Depresi
|
|
Collusion
|
Kolusi
|
|
Illusion
|
Ilusi
|
4.1.3 The words that the way of written
in Indonesian still have the same form on how to read the original words in
English. The letters from the general
word would only be adapted to EYD (Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan). After being
adapted in Indonesian, these words can be classified in the class of words
Noun.
Example
1:
Executor
– Eksekutor
The
word executor is a noun. It becomes eksekutor because in EYD all of the
words will be read as the way of written. So that, the letter x in the word executor had been
changed into ks in the word
eksekutor. In other examples, the letter c
will be read k.
There
are some more examples that can be found in the table bellow:
|
Proclamator
|
Proklamator
|
|
Acclamation
|
Aklamasi
|
|
Calculator
|
Kalkulator
|
|
Counselor
|
Konselor
|
Example
2:
Pianist
- Pianis
The
word Pianist is a noun. It becomes Pianis because in EYD all of the words
will be read as the way of written. So that, the letter st in the word Pianist had been changed into s in the word Pianis and still has the same meaning in
contextual.
|
Pianist
|
Pianis
|
|
Basses
|
Bassis
|
|
Receptionist
|
Resepsionis
|
|
Panelist
|
Panelis
|
|
Pluralist
|
Pluralis
|
|
Minimalist
|
Minimalis
|
|
Loyalist
|
Loyalis
|
|
Activist
|
Aktifis
|
|
Biologist
|
Biologis
|
In
those cases above, mostly of the words would only be changed in the way of
written. The written in Indonesian would be adapted in the way of pronouncing
in the original words.
4.2 ADJECTIVE
These
kinds of adaptations are mostly changed only the way of written in Indonesian.
The way of written would be depended on the way of pronouncing the original
word.
4.2.1 The words that ending in –IVE, the two last letters become –IF, and the way of written in
Indonesian still have the same form on
how to read the original words in English.
After being adapted in Indonesian, these words can be classified in the class
of word Adjective.
Example:
Impulsive
– Impulsif
The
word Impulsive is an adjective that ended in -IVE. After being adapted to Indonesian, it becomes a noun that
changed the last-three letter from –IVE to
be -IF. The meaning of both words is
still similar.
There
are some more examples that can be found in the table bellow:
|
Conducive
|
Kondusif
|
|
Legislative
|
Legislatif
|
|
Reactive
|
Reaktif
|
|
Radioactive
|
Radioaktif
|
|
Relative
|
Relatif
|
|
Exclusive
|
Ekslusif
|
|
Active
|
Aktif
|
|
Passive
|
Pasif
|
|
Defensive
|
Defensif
|
|
Offensive
|
Ofensif
|
In
those cases above, mostly of the words would only be changed in the way of
written. The written in Indonesian would be adapted in the way of pronouncing
in the original words.
4.2.2 The words that ending in –IC, the two last letters become –IK, and the way of written in
Indonesian still have the same form on how to read the original words in
English. After being adapted in Indonesian, these words can be classified in
the class of word Adjective.
Example:
Domestic
– Domestik
The
word Domestic is an adjective that ended in -IC. After adapted to Indonesian, it becomes a adjective that
changed the last-two letters from –IC to
be -IK. The meaning of both words is
still similar.
There
are some more examples that can be found in the table bellow:
|
Kinesthetic
|
Kinetik
|
|
Sympathetic
|
Simpatik
|
|
Empiric
|
Empirik
|
|
Topic
|
Topik
|
|
Thematic
|
Tematik
|
|
Organic
|
Organik
|
|
Diplomatic
|
Diplomatik
|
|
Magic
|
Majik
|
|
Identic
|
Identik
|
|
Phonologic
|
Fonologik
|
|
Optic
|
Optik
|
|
Mechanic
|
Mekanik
|
|
Energetic
|
Energik
|
In
those cases above, mostly of the words would only be changed in the way of
written. The written in Indonesian would be adapted in the way of pronouncing
in the original words.
4.2.3 The words that ending in –CAL, the three last letters become –IS. After being adapted in Indonesian,
these words can be classified in the class of word Adjective.
|
Logical
|
Logis
|
|
Biological
|
Biologis
|
|
Geological
|
Geologis
|
|
Chronological
|
Kronologis
|
|
Physiological
|
Fisiologis
|
|
Sociological
|
Sosiologis
|
|
Medical
|
Medis
|
|
Ethnological
|
Etnologis
|
|
Theological
|
Teologis
|
|
Pathological
|
Patologis
|
|
Archeological
|
Arkeologis
|
In
those cases above, mostly of the words would only be changed in the way of
written. The written in Indonesian would be adapted in the way of pronouncing
in the original words.
UNIT
IV
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
By
the results of research in this paper, it can be concluded that there are many
language in the world. Especially, in every country has its variety of
language. Although language is different to others, there is a little bit
similarity of language such as in vocabulary and grammatical.
Furthermore,
it could be found that Indonesian language has many vocabularies that were
taken from foreign language. One of the many ways of taking the vocabulary is
lexical borrowing. Borrowing in this case was focused on the way of adapting
the foreign words to Indonesian. Most of the general truth that could be found
in adaptation is adaptation only took the meaning, and the written form of the
word may follow the way of Indonesian rules (Indonesian always pronounce based
on the written). The special thing that can be get from this paper is language
is the most complicated thing which can only be explained by itself and no
others can do it.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kamus Bahasa Indonesia (2008) Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa
Arif, H (2011) Makalah Kata Serapan Dalam Bahasa Indonesia [www]
WordPress. Available from: http://akimlinovsisa.wordpress.com/2011/07/10/makalah-kata-serapan-dalam-bahasa-indonesia/
[Accessed 07/0612].
Avolia, M (2008) Dolce far niente: A
Comparative and Theoretical Study of Anglo-Italian Borrowing [htm]. Available from: http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/6362-AvolioMarco.htm
[Accessed 05/06/12].
